Advanced Retrieval Strategies for RAG: The Complete Guide to Dense, Hybrid, and Multi-Stage Search

Introduction: Retrieval is the foundation of RAG systems—the quality of retrieved documents directly impacts generation quality. Different retrieval strategies excel in different scenarios: dense retrieval captures semantic similarity, sparse retrieval handles exact keyword matches, and hybrid approaches combine both. This guide covers advanced retrieval techniques: embedding-based dense retrieval, BM25 and sparse methods, hybrid search strategies, […]

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Building Production RAG Applications with LangChain: From Document Ingestion to Conversational AI

Introduction: LangChain has emerged as the dominant framework for building production Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) applications, providing abstractions for document loading, text splitting, embedding, vector storage, and retrieval chains. By late 2023, LangChain reached production maturity with improved stability, better documentation, and enterprise-ready features. After deploying LangChain-based RAG systems across multiple organizations, I’ve found that its […]

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Hallucinations in Generative AI: Understanding, Challenges, and Solutions

The Reality Check We All Need The first time I encountered a hallucination in a production AI system, it cost my client three days of debugging and a significant amount of trust. A customer-facing chatbot had confidently provided detailed instructions for a product feature that simply did not exist. The response was articulate, well-structured, and […]

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Windows Phone 8 – Internet Explorer 10 support for Mobile Websites–UserAgent(UA) details for IE10-WP8

Earlier Microsoft has announced that upcoming Windows Phone 8 will have Mobile version of Internet Explorer 10. IE10 have lots of improvements in terms of HTML5, JavaScript/ECMAScript support etc. If you want your existing mobile websites to compatible to IE10 and you are using any User Agent(UA) detection logic to provide UA specific User Experience […]

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Stack & Heap (Storage of Value Types and Reference Types)

As i have informed in my previous article, In an IT Services compnay interviewer has asked me about the Difference between value types  and reference types in .NET. I have conveyed that Value Types are stored in “Stack” (Datastructure for Memory Management Technique) and Reference Types are stored in “Heap”. He immediately asked me why […]

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